Batman was incredible. I usually can't tell if people wearing face paint are acting well or not, but damn Heath Ledger was good. Christian Bale took the whole breathy this-is-not-my-real-voice voice a little too far, maybe because he sensed he was being outdone by the Joker and tried to ramp up his own game with, well, the only thing you've really got going for you when everything but your mouth is behind opaque black plastic. And I thought they did a great job of pacing a long film, using a steady, creeping feeling of the downward spiral. (---SPOILERS FOLLOW---) When Maggie Gyllenhaal bites the dust you look around and say, this shit is bad news bears. And then the movie just never really lets go of your nuts. I'm really feeling the altered mood of these films, the way cartoonishness has been flattened into a kind of really dark... not magical realism... maybe improbable realism. I like the way we're asked to accept this world as being coterminus with our own; even if it's not likely, it's not a cartoon, either. My suspension of disbelief did suffer, however, at a couple of key junctures, most obviously when Batman somehow rigs all the cell phones in Gotham to emit and receive sonar, and relay the data to him (in about an hour). In other Batman movies this would be totally of a piece with the general outlandishness of the gadgetry, but I felt I was being asked to believe in this movie a little more. None of the movie's other technology suggests Gotham has a much different electronics landscape than ours does. I can wrap my mind around a multi-billionaire with access to cutting-edge weapons technology building a car that flips over on walls or rigging one cell phone to map a room. To me, that participates in reality in a way that city-wide, remote-activated cell phone repurposing does not. K disagrees with me, but at that moment in the movie I found myself "WHAT??"-ing the screen a la Wanted and the Loom of Destiny. Maybe everyone has a different disbelief threshold. (P.S. don't see Wanted.) (---END SPOILERS---)
I'd tell you what I've been up to since my last post at the beginning of summer, but I don't know how to clown-car seven states, Snoop Dogg, 50,000 hippies, all the Leinenkugel's in the world, what I can only describe as "cunt-phrase," paddleboats, a general lack of moderation, and a glazed-donut-bacon-cheeseburger all into one blog post. And the long version would be a lot less interesting than this short one.
Madison will not be the same without Lee and Jeff.
In news you can use, however, after a death-match battle between Expedia, LAN air, my credit card company, and my very soul... it's finally official. K and I are leaving the country once again. From 12/28/08 - 6/12/09 we'll be bopping around Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Goodbye, graduate school. I'd say I'll miss you, but it's much more likely that I'll realize I don't miss you and that our relationship is built on lies and insecurity, and I'll have to break up with you for South America. I'm already blowing off my pathetically minimal summer responsibilities to read about trekking in the Andes, so what chance do my seminars stand in the fall? Sigh.
It's been a good summer, but I should probably be reading a lot more...
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Did K think the cell-phone thing does not make the movie less realistic, or that the whole world is not that realistic to start with? G and I debated this. I find the world no more or less realistic than that of, say, a Bond movie, with the one ginormous exception that there are superheroes in it. There are nothing like superheroes in our reality. There are non-Hollywood versions of James Bond (regular spies), but there is nothing remotely like a non-Hollywood version of the Batman. There may not be an assassin cult in our world (or there might), but even in the Wanted world, the cult is very secret and the rest of the world is the same (except for a couple of the laws of physics...and I suppose the Loom of Destiny, but nobody knows about that either). All 30 million people in Gotham know about the Batman and their world is different for it.
If you can get one cell phone to map a room, why not have all cell phones send that information to Morgan Freeman? The first part of that seems less likely than the second, since we now do have cell phones that can send information, but none (that I know of) that can map rooms. If you’re making the phones, you can do what you want with them. But in any case, once you’re in a world with superheroes, you’re no longer in our world. I wouldn’t say anything goes, and there are comic book worlds more and less like our own, but the technological advances do not seem high on the list of interesting differences. Questions like whether or not the Joker is right about human nature do not hinge on an admittedly cheap Big Brother-inspired plot device.
I really liked the movie, but I found it troubling that the Joker was actually mentally ill, or at least he was played that way in textbook Hollywood fashion.
And of course I'm upset about the "bad news bears" moment, for obvious reasons.
I missed your blog.
a
Well, I don't want to dwell on the cell phone issue, persay. My point is that one vs. one million cell phones is actually a big difference within the assumptions of the story. The plot of Batman begins with the premise that Bruce Wayne has access to all these tricked-out government toys, none of which went into regular circulation because they were too expensive. But our playboy hero has them. The cell phone that maps a room is one of them. That technology is not beyond my imagining; I wouldn't be surprised if the CIA currently uses small devices that emit sonar to read surrounding areas. But the device itself has to already be equipped. You can't remote-install a sonar-emitter and sonar-receiver on OTHER electronic devices. Were one million cell phones ALREADY equipped to use sonar, I could see Bruce hacking into them and re-routing their data streams. But obviously the phones are not already equipped, because a.) Bruce has the technology that the government DIDN'T issue to the public, b.) normal people in this film are not going around mapping rooms with their phones, and c.) if everyone's cell phone had this capability and it only had to be "activated" I think superheroes and baddies alike would have been using it already, and it wouldn't be news to the likes of Bruce Wayne and Lucius Fox. So, in sum, I find it beyond belief that Bruce Wayne repurposed one million cell phones to do something they LACKED THE HARDWARE TO DO. That would be like remote-control activating everyone's Prius to turn into a motorcycle like his car can.
I don't find that difference you mention quite so ginormous. No, there are no Batmans or Jokers in our world, but there's not a major physical science I can think of that would prevent there being one. Bruce Wayne has no superpowers, other than being a one-man killing machine, which 007 is, too. What I mean is, the ways in which we're asked to suspend our disbelief in this movie are things like, "How did the Joker manage to rig those boats with c4 without being caught?" and not "Oh, a magical loom" or "So that guy on X-Men can melt and trickle underneath doors?" Which is why the cell phone thing bothered me a little. It just didn't even seem to pay lip service to the realm of possibility.
I take your point that our world doesn't have a Batman, but I would maintain that it could. If one of those non-Hollywood 007s went vigilante.
What troubles you about the Joker's mental illness? I'm curious.
I took it that Wayne Industries had built all those cell phones (quite a monopoly) with that feature secretly included, and Bruce Wayne just did something to activate it in all of them. I may have filled this in in my head. If it's not in or implied in the actual movie, then yes, that is quite a stretch.
Either way, I don't find that questions like this have much bearing on my opinion of the movie. Even the craziest movie worlds offer some reflection on our own. It's like saying zombies aren't biologically possible, or like seeing The Matrix with a physics major (that sucked). The moments when other worlds seem like our world in an important way are often the creepy, Big Brother moments like the cell phone thing (or even creepier “humans suck” moments like the end of 28 Days Later). Even if they can't map the city, cell phones can certainly be used to track people, even when they're not being used to talk, and this implausible moment seems to want to remind us what creepy things are possible. (Which is not at all to say it was necessary or well-executed. It just didn’t bother me.)
Just because superheroes don't violate the laws of physics doesn't necessarily make them likely, or even much more plausible than bending bullets. We’re quick to claim that the laws of physics are ironclad, far more immutable than the parameters of the social world, yet I remember learning in high school that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. One of the foundational laws of physics seems to have changed. Most of what most of us know about science rests on authority anyway, not experimentation. This is not to say I’d believe more easily in a superhero than the cell phone thing, but I would have to think about it. And herein lie the interesting differences: what would our world be like with superheroes? If there were superheroes, how would we react to them? Why aren't there superheroes or supervillains? What is the relationship between Batman's vigilante justice and actual historical vigilante-ism, which only disappeared maybe 60 years ago, and was not individual as much in fact as it was in myth? Why did they spring up when they did, and why do they recur in the ways they do when they do? These things, along with the ethical questions rammed down our throats, are what interest me about superhero movies, not the plausibility of the gadgets or even of the world itself. Although a Batman movie can be Wanted-level stupid, like the one with Uma Thurman and Arnold Schwarzeneger. But the repurposed cell phones do not push it anywhere near that. That didn’t detract at all for me. I didn’t even think about it until it was pointed out afterwards. I guess all imaginations are different and we should never underestimate the power of the imagination (to be really clichéd about it).
I was intrigued by the Joker because I'm fascinated with the irrational. The most troubling thing though was the too-easy path taken from insane to irrational to chaos-loving to Bedlam-inducing. The equation of mental illness with violence irresponsibly perpetuates a stereotype and a stigma. There was no reason the Joker had to be portrayed as crazy. That didn't really add anything, except a convenient marker for the uninformed and a little more clichéd darkness. The Joker's henchmen are schizophrenic, a disorder not particularly associated with violence. The Joker's physical symptoms (like his walk or the mouth thing) also seem to me like Ledger might be going for the Thorazine shuffle, stemming from prolonged use of antipsychotics, and typical of schizophrenics or many who have spent much time in a mental hospital. (So I guess in conveying that to the extent he did, Heath Ledger did well. I just thought it was a pretty standard Hollywood-does-crazy performance.)
Making the Joker crazy also seemed to me to be a cop-out. The suggestion that the Joker is just imbalanced is a way out of the comic book theodicy: we don't have to affirm good in the face of evil, but can write evil off to bad brain chemicals, just like we might in the real world. The Joker then hovers uncomfortably between person and symbol. If he’s supposed to be crazy, there’s the possibility that everything would be all right if he’d just take his meds, and then we have both a not-so-super villain and an irresponsible perpetuation of a stigmatizing stereotype. If he’s not supposed to be crazy, why suggest it so strongly? That we're given several versions of the scars story suggests there is some origin we're being denied, even if the origin is just that the Joker is crazy and did it to himself for no reason. Making the Joker crazy denies the existence of evil, and if there's one place I want real existentially disturbing evil, it's a comic book movie. (Of course, comic book characters are never stable, and the Joker has been everything from nauseatingly evil to just a jester figure before.)
What's ultimately most troubling though is that perhaps crazy does not displace evil, but is equated with it. That's my problem with making the Joker crazy. If he were just irrational and did not have other symptoms of mental illness (or henchmen who have mental illnesses, and one (schizophrenia) not particularly associated with violence and generally misunderstood anyway), he would be far more disturbing and less problematic. As it stands, whether or not he was crazy, I don't think he was evil, but I’m not sure everyone would agree or that the film didn’t want him to be evil. I'm almost as troubled by the potential equation of irrationality with evil as I am with the Joker’s symptoms. Evil can be rational, as so much history has shown us, and irrationality can be good. Our idea of justice is just so caught up in rationality that it's hard to remember this.
a
shut up, both of you.
I know what you're saying about plausibility. I'm not incapable of believing that all kinds of bizarre things are possible and that our understanding of science is tiny and flawed. My point was only that there is a line in movies between stuff that seems to follow our rules, and stuff that doesn't. One of the things I like about these Batman movies is that they hug that line, which makes it possible for me to imagine what it would be like if we had superheroes, arch-villains, and vigilantes. I agree with you about finding these questions interesing, and precisely because the social reality of superheroes is apart from us, I like that the scientific realities of the film are close to ours. It's the reverse in 28 Days Later: the social reality is meant to be our own, which helps me swallow the scientific improbabilities. I'm not making a prescriptive statement--this is just one of many reasons each of these movies worked for me. Plenty of movies (The Matrix) fail to mimic social or technological realities and still hook me. All I was saying in my original post was that something I liked about the movie was its adherence to our current understanding of science and its eschewing of the cartoonish, which to me makes it both darker and more interesting, and that the cell phone thing stood out to me as a deviation from this. It only bugged me because it took me out of the moment by being so improbable. In a different movie (like Wanted) it would have blended right in.
And of course I get that its point is to be political. The giant bank of TV screens may as well have spelled out WIRETAPPING ALLUSION.
I'm curious to press you a bit on the Joker / mental illness / irrationality / violence thing. I'm not sure what I think yet. What do you mean when you say that he is irrational? Could we get a working definition of a term as big as irrationality? Is it a lack of reasoning altogether, because I don't think the Joker fits this bill. We don't agree with his reasoning, but he employs it, and he makes consistent and elaborate explanations for his behaviors. Or does rationality mean not just reasoning but also arriving at right conclusions, in which case not only is the Joker irrational, but most criminals would be, since they choose to act selfishly and contribute to the instability of society at large? Amongst criminals as a whole, the Joker seems to have reflected on and reasoned out his actions more than most. Certainly more so than the mafia, as they are portrayed in this movie. Let's not forget that the mafia have no stigma of mental illness but are portrayed as the moral and criminal downfall of Gotham, money-grubbing, murderous, cruel. So what makes him irrational but the mafia rational?
I agree that the Joker is consistently identified with mental illness, but I would say maybe irrationality is not the right thing to link that to. What he and his henchman are accused of (that the mafia isn't) is acting outside the system, of breaking the rules. The mafia plays by the good old book of buying off officials and bribing and stealing. The Joker acts in ways the system cannot predict, because he's not in it for money or power like everyone else. He's in it precisely to disrupt the system. That's what Lucius tells Bruce and the Joker tells everyone who'll listen. Is that irrationality? I'm not sure. I'm also not sure why that's associated with mental illness, but I definitely think we see models of violence which aren't. It's just interesting that those models are ones we're familiar with and which play by the "rules," while anyone who wants to cripple society as a whole (obviously the mafia doesn't want that) has to be associated with craziness. The Scarecrow wants to literally make the whole city lose their minds. The Joker is himself insane. So what is it about the wanton cruelty and violence of the mafia that is "sane," while attacking the social system as a whole, or playing by rules other than the ones inside our social system, is something we feel the need to demonize as "crazy," or better yet, to defuse by calling "crazy" to reassure ourselves that it can be fixed, like you say, with meds.
i'm just going to toss in a little tidbit...
i think, a, that i can see what you're saying about the mental illness thing and how it's portrayed as something of a reason for the joker's behavior. however, and this may not even affect your overall opinion, but i just wanted to note (thanks to a boyfriend who spends more time on the internet than i do) that the joker giving multiple reasons for his scars is in fact a trope of many of the original comics.
aside from that, i have nothing to offer this debate.
Hmmm…I wish I remembered the movie better. It’s mostly already gone. How about when the Joker is burning that pile of money? That’s not a rational thing to do. Or when he’s standing in the street daring the Batman to hit him with his motorcycle. Also not rational. It seems he knows bm won’t be able to do it, but it also seems like he really wants him to, not just that he’s taunting him. If bm killed him, the Joker would have brought him to violate an ethical principle, and the Joker values getting bm to do that more than he values his own life. I call that irrational. Actually, I’m not sure I do personally, which is the problem. It’s possible, but reductive, to define rationality individually. This is naked instrumentalism, right? I have these ends, and they are given. I can choose amongst these various means to achieve these ends, and choosing the most efficient means is being rational. Clearly, the Joker does this. As you point out, lots of reasoning went into his schemes. But this can be applied to anyone for any action. It’s revealed preference, but for means as well as ends. Even taking the long way home for what seems like no reason can have a reason attached to it after the fact. You got more utility out of taking the long way, or else you wouldn’t have done it. Maybe you liked the view, or maybe you got distracted and decided it was too much trouble to turn around. (Is distraction irrational?) So if everyone has their own rationality, it doesn’t seem like anyone can be irrational because their rationality is just their explanation of their actions, and you can’t challenge that. If in hindsight, you realize you did something the stupid way instead of the easy way, you made a mistake, you were not irrational. After all, “rationalization” is one word for covering for our mistakes.
The “right conclusions” you suggest are easy if you have a set of absolute ethical principles everyone believes in. Of course, we don’t any more, and since that’s disappeared, to many who think about rationality, acting selfishly is actually acting rationally. (But I maintain those people either haven’t thought about it or are jerks.) They also think acting selfishly contributes to the stability of society. Which is good for them, because they’re usually on top of it, or bad for them if they’ve been duped by those who are. But acting selfishly is effectively the same as the private rationality rejected above. So if there’s no universal rationality (no right conclusions) and individual rationality is non-explanatory, the answer must be somewhere in between: rationality depends on the group you’re in. There is something to the mafia in the movie breaking the law making them irrational. At first blush, it seems fair to say breaking the law is, in general, irrational (of course we can think of exceptional cases). But why? Because it’s wrong? Or because you think you may get caught? Or because a cost/benefit analysis reveals that it’s not worth the risk? I actually think a case can be made that rationality as we use it excludes ethical considerations, and is pretty much like individual rationality and selfishness. It’s instrumental. Calling someone else irrational is telling them they’re doing something the stupid way. You can never be irrational yourself because you’ve always got your reasons, but others can judge you as irrational for not having your own best interest in mind (we’re very liberal that way). So the mafia are rational because they don’t want to burn money, they would get out of the way of the motorcycle, they don’t want to get beaten up, and mostly because they don’t want to cause chaos that does not benefit them. Of course a really hardcore utilitarian calculist would assign utility values to these things, and say the Joker gets more pleasure from burning the money than he would from spending it, just as someone might get more pleasure from anonymously donating it to charity as they would from spending it. But just like the utilitarian explanation of altruism seems to miss the point, so too does that explanation of the Joker’s love for disorder. You can assign a value to his love of Bedlam, but in loving it so much, he seems to be fundamentally different from us, and we can call him irrational in a way we cannot so call the Mafia, who are just pursuing profit and calculating risk. We can understand their end, even if we can’t condone their means, whereas the Joker’s end makes no sense (and that’s the point). So that might be to say the Joker doesn’t arrive at the right conclusion. I don’t think you can say the Mafia arrive at the wrong conclusion in that way, as long as the risk is not ridiculous. You might say it’s wrong to commit a crime and you wouldn’t do it, but I don’t think it’s irrational under our society’s use of the term (or at least one of the main ones), unless the risk outweighs the reward.
We also use “irrational” to mean “crazy,” right? When someone gets overly worked up about something going wrong, it makes perfect sense to say “Calm down, you’re being irrational.” We could take this to mean you’ve not evaluated the situation properly and have overestimated the consequences of something. “So he didn’t call you back, it’s not the end of the world.” But when you really go off the handle about something, evaluation of the situation doesn’t even seem to come into it. It’s just a reaction. Somebody says the wrong thing about your girlfriend and you’re ready to fight. For someone who has a tendency to do this (not just to fight, but to cry, scream, react intensely, etc.), it might be not just an incident but a personality trait. “She flies off the handle easily,” or “He flips out over nothing all the time,” or “She’s super-touchy,” etc. “She’s irrational,” or maybe “He can be irrational at times.” (The common assertion that women are irrational kind of plays on both of these definitions, right? Making bad decisions and being overly emotional?) (Although there are other ways to earn this distinction, as I’ve come to find out.) Is the Joker irrational in this way? Well, he’s certainly not quick to anger, even when he should be. Maybe that’s another kind of the same kind of irrationality though. Both are having improper reactions to a situation. Wanting to fight with little or no cause vs. laughing when you’re getting your ass beat instead of defending yourself or running. But now we may be approaching territory where the connection between irrationality and mental illness is not so tenuous. I maintain the Joker is irrational in both senses.
It’s the fact that the Mafia play by the rules, or some rules that are generally recognized, as you point out, that makes them rational in the first sense. Some of them may be “hot-headed” and act irrationally in the second sense at times, but many violent people fit this pattern. They don’t seem to enjoy getting beaten up though. It is precisely that the Joker acts by rules the system cannot predict that makes him irrational, at least by the laws of that system (and that’s all we’ve got…here the similarity to our own world is crucial…perhaps for example a movie that tries to accurately depict life in the middle ages would be different?). What interests me is the first kind of irrationality. The second is also fascinating, but it’s difficult to separate from insanity, a connection which is not bad in itself. But when insanity is the cause of that second kind of irrationality, and that irrationality leads to violence, I’m less comfortable. Irrationality and violence, fine. Irrationality and insanity, fine. But all three (the linking of insanity to violence), is a problem, especially when the mental illness suggested is not associated with violence, and the irrationality does not need the symptoms of mental illness to be convincing. Doing the things he did, we’re going to call the Joker crazy anyway (“crazy” is another word to be explored), but there’s no reason to give a realistic portrayal of mental illness. Make him different, weird, whatever. I just thought Ledger was trying to convey “mentally ill” with a number of standard Hollywood markers. I found an interview where he did say he was trying to make the Joker schizophrenic. In the same sentence, he also said he wanted to make the Joker psychopathic and lacking empathy. What schizophrenia adds to that combination remains to be seen; many of it symptoms would probably detract from a super-villainous personality. I also think Ledger was going for tardive dyskinesia in his mannerisms, whether he knew what it was called or what it results from or not. It results from prolonged use of drugs commonly used until recently to treat schizophrenia, and can end up looking something like Parkinson’s, although the Joker wasn’t that far along. The Joker was old enough to have been in a mental hospital at a time when they gave things like Thorazine and Haldol indiscriminately (“the chemical strait jacket”), not just to schizophrenics, so it’s not necessarily the case that he had schizophrenia, although his henchmen explicitly did. If that is not the idea, I think the next most obvious suggestion is that he is an escaped (or erroneously released) mental patient of some other sort, which is as much a rehashing of a tired cliché as it is reinforcing an damaging stereotype. Although it is fair to figure that anyone doing the things the Joker did could well end up in a mental hospital for a good long time. to make these strong suggestions with no origin (as well as explicitly stating the illness of the henchmen) still strikes me as irresponsible. When the audience is left to fill in the blanks for itself, it generally goes with what it’s been taught before (that the insane are violent) and makes it as extreme as one can imagine.
Good point that the Mafia are sane for wanting to exploit the system, but that the Joker is insane for wanting to destroy it. Sort of like a revolutionary.
MC (and B), interesting tidbit about the scars. There are so many different versions of the Joker, so it’s interesting that they chose to emphasize the mental illness in the movie, especially given the gritty realistic feel of the movie that others have mentioned. My sources tell me Ledger was influenced by Alan Moore’s “The Killing Joke,” a really f’ed up Batman graphic novel that I haven’t read in a long time. I’m going to check it out again, though it’s extremely disturbing. After prelims, I guess…
a
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